The Constitution of the Kingdom of Bahrain specified specialties and duties of the Shura Council:- enactment of legislations and oversight over the work of the Executive Authority. The Council undertakes discussion of all draft laws and decrees by laws forwarded by the Council of Representatives, where the Council has the right to accept, amend or reject draft laws, and the right to accept or reject decrees by law. In any case, HE the Chairman of the Shura Council refers them – after endorsement by both Councils – to HRH the Prime Minister for approval of His Majesty the King.

The Constitution also granted members of the Shura Council the right to propose bills, However, to amend the Constitution only an aggregate total of 15 members can have the right to request to propose such amendments. The Constitution also guarantees members – regarding the oversight work sphere – to direct documented questions to Ministers to clarify matters within their specialities, emanating from that the Shura Council member is representing the whole society, and overlooks public interest in all his duties.

The Shura Council has a say on the Government Action Program presented at the beginning of every legislative term.  The Council also is keen to form a special committee to prepare a draft reply to (The Speech of His Majesty) augmenting every session.
Through its original role with the Council of Representatives in approving the bill of State General Budget forwarded by the Government every two years, the Council also supervises State Budget including incomes and expenses.
The Shura Council also takes part in representing the Kingdom of Bahrain in the regional and international forums and conferences, which is a true opportunity for the Council to contribute to supporting the position of the Kingdom between the groups of the developed countries.